‘Harmal’ Plant Was Used For Smoking And Inhaling In Arabia As Early As 2,700 Years Ago
A Drone view of Qurayyah with the localization of the excavated Areas D, N, and R, indicated by circles (Photo A. M. Abualhassan). B Iron Age residence of Area D with censer QU.D.1167.F.6 and painted vessel QU.D.1167.F.1 in situ (Photo S. McGlone), and Iron Age elite dwelling of Area N (Photo A. M. Abualhassan). C Photos of the censer from Area D: QU.D.1167.F.6 and of the two censers from Area N: QU.N.2340.F.3 and QU.N.1253.F.1 (Photos: H. Sell [Area D] and C. Jäger [Area N]). Graphics: Michelle O’Reilly, MPI-GEA.
A new study provides the earliest evidence to date for the use of the medicinal and psychoactive plant Peganum harmala —also known as rue or harmal—as an incense in ancient times.
The study’s findings provide previously unknown insights into early therapeutic practices in Arabia and demonstrate that native plants were being used for their bio- and psychoactive effects as early as 2,700 years ago.
Led by Barbara Huber (Max Planck Institute for Geoanthropology) and Marta Luciani (University of Vienna), and in collaboration with the Heritage Commission of the Saudi Arabian Ministry of Culture, the researchers used metabolic profiling to examine the organic residues left on the smoking utensils. The utensils were excavated from the Iron Age dwellings of the Qurayyah Oasis in northwestern Saudi Arabia, known since ancient times for its decorated ceramic vessels.
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