Too much cosmic ray deuteron and quite too many antihelium nuclei: support for the TGD view of stars?

The findings described in the popular article “Cosmic count exceeds expectation” (see this) describing the findins of AMS detected at International Space Station challenge the standard narrative of stellar nuclear physics and of the origin of cosmic rays. There is a Physics Letters article (see this about the findings.

The standard story about cosmic rays goes as follows. The abundance of primordial deuterons is very small. Cosmic rays are either primary or secondary. Primary cosmic rays would be formed in supernova explosions. Secondary cosmic rays such as deuteron and ³He are formed in collisions of primary cosmic rays, in particular ⁴He nuclei, with the interstellar medium.

The findings challenge this picture (there also earlier findings of this kind). The flux of cosmic ray deuterons normalized to ⁴He flux is larger than predicted at higher energies and at highest energies studied comparable to the proton flux. This is very strange since protons are primary cosmic rays.

This raises the question whether there is some other non-standard source of cosmic ray deuterons: arey these deuterons really secondary cosmic rays. This forces us to ask whether the nuclear physics of the Sun is what we believe it to be.

In fact, the mechanism producing nuclei heavier than Fe in supernova explosions is poorly understood and there are also anomalies in the abundances of the lighter nuclei. The standard narrative about the core of the Sun cannot be directly tested and indirect tests do not support it. Neutrino flux is too low and also the heat transfer by convection is quite too flow suggesting that the flux of nuclei from the core is much lower than predicted. There are many other anomalies challenging the idea that solar energy is produced in the core and the mechanism producing the solar wind. Is the solar interior what we believe it to be?

TGD leads to a radically new view of the physics of the Sun (see this). In TGD view, the solar wind and solar energy would be produced in the decays of nuclear strings of predicted M₈₉ nucleons with mass 512 times the mass of the ordinary nucleon at the monopole flux tubes of the magnetic field of the Sun to ordinary nuclei.

The proposal is that the decay mechanism is based on p-adic cooling in which the mass of the nucleon decreases by factor 1/2 in each step and the p-adic mass scale is reduced octave by octave (period doubling). This would produce ordinary nuclei of the solar wind with reasonable energies heating the medium and creating solar corona. This model forces us to completely change our view of the Sun and its interior since the energy and solar wind and even cosmic rays would be produced at its surface.

These decays would produce a huge amount of energy liberated as scaled up variants of ordinary hadrons, in particular the mesons of M₈₉ physics. The mesons and gammas would eventually decay to ordinary mesons and gamma rays and importantly, also to nucleon-antinucleon pairs, maybe even deuteron-antideuteron pairs, maybe even helium-antihelium pairs for which AMS also provides evidence (see this). This could explain the mysterious gamma ray anomalies of the Sun, suggesting that two new hadron physics are involved: M₈₉ hadron physics and M_G,79 hadron physics. Here “G” refers to Gaussian integers.

The decay mechanism of M₈₉ nuclei at the stellar surfaces would not distinguish between secondary and primary cosmic rays and would produce cosmic rays, in particular deuterons. Could these decays serve as the origin of the cosmic rays.

An interesting question is whether also the mysterious anti-Helium nuclei could be understood as resulting from the decays of mesons for scaled up variants of the ordinary hadron physics appearing as intermediate steps in the p-adic cooling. Naive scaling suggests that scaled up pions with mass scaled up by the ratio, which is larger than 2m(⁴He)/m(pion)= 8m_p/m(pion) ≈ 112 are required. The mass scale of the interediated nuclei would be about 2⁷=128. They could correspond to a p-adic prime p∼2⁹³.

See the article Some Solar Mysteries or the chapter with the same title.