Glyptodon ancestors back to Phenacodus in the LRT
Short one today
as the graphics (Fig 1) tell most of the tale.
Figure 1. Glyptodon skull and its ancestors, not to scale. Gone are the fangs. Shorter is the rostrum. That usually happens by neotony.
” data-medium-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/glyptodon-skull588.jpg?w=88″ data-large-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/glyptodon-skull588.jpg?w=299″ class=”size-full wp-image-90004″ src=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/glyptodon-skull588.jpg” alt=”Figure 1. Glyptodon skull and its ancestors, not to scale. Gone are the fangs. Shorter is the rostrum. That usually happens by neotony. ” width=”584″ height=”2001″ srcset=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/glyptodon-skull588.jpg?w=584&h=2001 584w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/glyptodon-skull588.jpg?w=44&h=150 44w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/glyptodon-skull588.jpg 588w” sizes=”(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px” />
Figure 1. Glyptodon skull and its ancestors, not to scale. Primitive at the bottom. Gone are the fangs. Shorter is the rostrum. That usually happens by neotony. Deeper is the jugal = cheekbone.
A shorter rostrum and smaller, fewer teeth
in Glyptodon (Fig 1 top) are signs of neotony. The armor might also be a sign of neotony (pure speculatiion) as unarmored juvenile ground sloths would have been easier to attack.
That enormous jugal descending process likely anchored jaw muscles, but also provided a lateral guard rail.
Figure 5. Glyptodon skeleton with closeups of the manus and pes.
” data-medium-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/glyptodon_skeleton588.gif?w=300″ data-large-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/glyptodon_skeleton588.gif?w=584″ class=”size-full wp-image-87335″ src=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/glyptodon_skeleton588.gif” alt=”Figure 5. Glyptodon skeleton with closeups of the manus and pes.” width=”584″ height=”363″ srcset=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/glyptodon_skeleton588.gif?w=584&h=363 584w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/glyptodon_skeleton588.gif?w=150&h=93 150w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/glyptodon_skeleton588.gif?w=300&h=186 300w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/glyptodon_skeleton588.gif 588w” sizes=”(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px” />
Figure 2. Glyptodon skeleton with closeups of the manus and pes.
Glyptodon clavipes
(Osborn 1903, 2m, 4-.012mya) was once widely regarded as a giant armadillo (Dasypus), but here nests as an armored sloth. Note the similarities in the skull. The cervicals are fewer, the dorsal and sacral vertebrae are fused into one bone along with the pelvis and the tail has deep chevrons. The phalanges are reduced to disks supporting robust claws. Several bony processes support the the bony shell from the inside. Like sloths, and unlike armadillos, this was a slow-moving mammal.
References
Osborn HF 1903. Glyptotherium texanum, a new glyptodont from the lower Pleistocene of Texas. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 19(17):491-494.
Source: https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/2024/11/24/glyptodon-ancestors-back-to-phenacodus-in-the-lrt/
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