Neobohaiornis: a new basal sapeornithid in the LRT
Shen et al 2024
described Neobohaiornis (Figs 1–3) as ‘a diminutive enantiornithine’. They also reported, “The most diverse Mesozoic clade of birds was the Enantiornithes”.
The use of the term, ‘diverse’ usually means the subject in question was different from the rest. This time ‘diverse’ means Neobohaiornis was so different it was not an enantiornithine.
Figure 1. Neobohaiornis nests basal the Sapeornis in the LRT, derived from the #11 Solnhofen bird (‘Archaeopteryx’). Note the phylogenetic miniaturization.
” data-medium-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/sapeornis_588.jpg?w=150″ data-large-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/sapeornis_588.jpg?w=511″ class=”size-full wp-image-90749″ src=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/sapeornis_588.jpg” alt=”Figure 1. Neobohaiornis nests basal the Sapeornis in the LRT, derived from the #11 Solnhofen bird (‘Archaeopteryx’). Note the phylogenetic miniaturization.” width=”584″ height=”1170″ srcset=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/sapeornis_588.jpg?w=584&h=1170 584w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/sapeornis_588.jpg?w=75&h=150 75w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/sapeornis_588.jpg?w=150&h=300 150w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/sapeornis_588.jpg 588w” sizes=”(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px” />
Figure 1. Neobohaiornis nests basal the Sapeornis in the LRT, derived from the #11 Solnhofen bird (‘Archaeopteryx’). Note the phylogenetic miniaturization.
Tested with more taxa,
here in the large reptile tree (LRT, 2328 taxa) Neobohairornis nests between the larger #11 Solnhofen bird (traditionally, but mistakenly referred to Archaeopteryx), and the larger IVPP V13276 specimen of Sapeornis (Fig 1).
Fig 2. Neobohaiornis in situ and as originally traced.
” data-medium-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/neobohaiornis-skeleton588.gif?w=202″ data-large-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/neobohaiornis-skeleton588.gif?w=584″ class=”size-full wp-image-90751″ src=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/neobohaiornis-skeleton588.gif” alt=”Fig 2. Neobohaiornis in situ and as originally traced.” width=”584″ height=”868″ srcset=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/neobohaiornis-skeleton588.gif?w=584&h=868 584w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/neobohaiornis-skeleton588.gif?w=101&h=150 101w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/neobohaiornis-skeleton588.gif?w=202&h=300 202w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/neobohaiornis-skeleton588.gif 588w” sizes=”(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px” />
Fig 2. Neobohaiornis in situ and as originally traced. Look closely. The humeri are perforated, but not to the degree seen in Sapeorinis. The pygostyle deveeloped several times by convergence in birds.
Neither Archaeopteryx
nor Sapeornis were mentioned in the text.
Only one Archaeopteryx was listed as a taxon, the outgroup. That’s traditional when it comes to birds. Sapeornis was also listed as a taxon. As a result of taxon exclusion the authors’ cladograms were poorly resolved. BTW no reconstructions were provided.
Figure 3. Neobohaiornis skull in situ, traced and DGS reconstructed.
” data-medium-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/neobohaiornis-skull588.jpg?w=221″ data-large-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/neobohaiornis-skull588.jpg?w=584″ class=”size-full wp-image-90753″ src=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/neobohaiornis-skull588.jpg” alt=”Figure 3. Neobohaiornis skull in situ, traced and DGS reconstructed. ” width=”584″ height=”795″ srcset=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/neobohaiornis-skull588.jpg?w=584&h=795 584w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/neobohaiornis-skull588.jpg?w=110&h=150 110w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/neobohaiornis-skull588.jpg?w=221&h=300 221w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/neobohaiornis-skull588.jpg 588w” sizes=”(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px” />
Figure 3. Neobohaiornis skull in situ, traced and DGS reconstructed. Note the soft tissue feathers.
Taxon exclusion
may be the reason for the authors’ lack of resolution in their cladogram. The LRT uses all available Solnhofen birds, one of which is the Archaeopteryx holotype skeleton. Universities should start teaching their bird students to use more than one Archaeopteryx in their analyses.
Reconstucting crushed road-kill taxa (Fig 3) is also helpful for scoring and explaining scoring choices too often not clear in crushed fossils.
References
Shen C et al (65 co-authors) 2024. A new diminutive species of bohaiornithid enantiornithine (Aves: Ornithothoraces) from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group,northern China. Nature.com/Scientific Reports 14:31363
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-82869-8
Source: https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/2024/12/31/neobohaiornis-a-new-basal-sapeornithid-in-the-lrt/
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