Tongue bite apparatus found in discoidal placoderm Platysomus
Giles, Kolmann and Friedman 2025 ran µCT scans
on an Early Pennsylvanian (310mya) fish. They reported, “Gill skeleton modifications for processing prey represent a major source of functional innovation in living ray-finned fishes. Here we present the oldest actinopterygian tongue bite, derived from the gill skeleton, in the Early Pennsylvanian (∼310 Ma) †Platysomus parvulus.”
Unfortunately, according to the large reptile tree (LRT, 2336 taxa) Platysomus (Fig 1) nests as a placoderm, derived from Romundina, Materpiscis, Eurynotus, Bobasatrina and Cheirodus.
Figure 1. Platysomus is a discoidal descendant of more typical placoderm fish, like Dunkleosteus and Romundina.
” data-medium-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/platysomus.parvulus-cheirodus.granulosus.jpg?w=300″ data-large-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/platysomus.parvulus-cheirodus.granulosus.jpg?w=584″ class=”size-full wp-image-94372″ src=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/platysomus.parvulus-cheirodus.granulosus.jpg” alt=”Figure 1. Platysomus is a discoidal descendant of more typical placoderm fish, like Dunkleosteus and Romundina. ” width=”584″ height=”428″ srcset=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/platysomus.parvulus-cheirodus.granulosus.jpg?w=584&h=428 584w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/platysomus.parvulus-cheirodus.granulosus.jpg?w=150&h=110 150w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/platysomus.parvulus-cheirodus.granulosus.jpg?w=300&h=220 300w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/platysomus.parvulus-cheirodus.granulosus.jpg 588w” sizes=”(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px” />
Figure 1. Platysomus is a discoidal descendant of more typical placoderm fish, like Dunkleosteus and Romundina.
The authors wrote,
“This lends support to a protracted ‘long-fuse’ model of actinopterygian diversification in the aftermath of the End-Devonian Mass Extinction.”
Not so. Adding taxa resolves this issue a different way.
“This fish represents a key evolutionary step and helps us understand how ancient ecosystems functioned and how modern fish lineages came to be.”
References
Sam Giles et al (2 co-authors) 2025. Tongue bite apparatus highlights functional innovation in a 310-million-year-old ray-finned fish, Biology Letters (2025). On bioRxiv: DOI: 10.1101/2025.05.10.653277
Publicity for this preprint
https://phys.org/news/2025-09-fossil-fish-extra-teeth-evolution.html
Source: https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/2025/09/04/tongue-bite-apparatus-found-in-discoidal-placoderm-platysomus/
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