Jurassic Henkelotherium moves in with Eocene Plesiadapis in the LRT
According to Wikipedia,
“Multituberculates are usually placed as crown mammals outside either of the two main groups of living mammals—Theria, including placentals and marsupials, and Monotremata—but usually as closer to Theria than to monotremes. They are considered to be closely related to Euharamiyida and Gondwanatheria as part of Allotheria.”
All very general = another phylogenetic vacuum. Let’s try to get specific.
By contrast,
the large reptile tree (LRT, 2326 taxa) nailed interrelationships down to genera and specimens (Fig 1), as recovered years ago.
Today
tiny Jurassic Henkelotherium moves closer to Eocene Plesiadapis, a multituberculate and rodent ancestor, after reexamining the manus and pes of both (Figs 2, 3).
Figure 1. The origin of the clade multituberculata from the plesiadapiform, Plesiadapis. Note the phylogenetic miniaturization along with the disaarticulatin of the mandible (dentary) from the jaw joint (squamosal).
” data-medium-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/origin.multituberculates588.jpg?w=96″ data-large-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/origin.multituberculates588.jpg?w=326″ class=”size-full wp-image-89179″ src=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/origin.multituberculates588.jpg” alt=”Figure 1. The origin of the clade multituberculata from the plesiadapiform, Plesiadapis. Note the phylogenetic miniaturization along with the disaarticulatin of the mandible (dentary) from the jaw joint (squamosal). ” width=”584″ height=”1833″ srcset=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/origin.multituberculates588.jpg?w=584&h=1833 584w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/origin.multituberculates588.jpg?w=48&h=150 48w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/origin.multituberculates588.jpg?w=96&h=300 96w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/origin.multituberculates588.jpg 588w” sizes=”(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px” />
Figure 1. The origin of the clade multituberculata from the plesiadapiform, Plesiadapis. Note the phylogenetic miniaturization along with the disaarticulatin of the mandible (dentary) from the jaw joint (squamosal).
According to Wikipedia,
“Allotheria includes Multituberculata, Gondwanatheria (which may be part of Multituberculata, as the sister group to Cimolodonta and probably Haramiyida, (sometimes only including Euharamiyid) although some studies have recovered haramiyidans to be basal mammaliaforms unrelated to multituberculates. Allotherians are often placed as crown group mammals, more closely related to living marsupials and placentals (Theria) than to monotremes or eutriconodonts, though some studies place the entirety of Allotheria outside of crown Mammalia.”
In the LRT these are all marsupials.
Figure 3. Revised reconstuction of the Plesiadapis pes.
” data-medium-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/plesiadapis.manus588.gif?w=300″ data-large-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/plesiadapis.manus588.gif?w=584″ class=”size-full wp-image-89729″ src=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/plesiadapis.manus588.gif” alt=”Figure 3. Revised reconstuction of the Plesiadapis pes. ” width=”584″ height=”472″ srcset=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/plesiadapis.manus588.gif?w=584&h=472 584w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/plesiadapis.manus588.gif?w=150&h=121 150w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/plesiadapis.manus588.gif?w=300&h=242 300w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/plesiadapis.manus588.gif 588w” sizes=”(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px” />
Figure 2. Revised µCT scan reconstruction of the Plesiadapis manus. Loose elements in situ were misplaced. Here phylogenetic bracketing and the application of PILs shed light on this hypothesis of reconstruction that now needs testing for confirmation, modification or refutation.
According to Wikipedia,
“The multituberculates had a cranial and dental anatomy superficially similar to rodents such as mice and rats, with cheek-teeth separated from the chisel-like front teeth by a wide tooth-less gap (the diasteme).”
In the LRT multituberculates are sister taxa to the Rodentia and the shrew clade, Soricidae and kin within the Placenta3 clade.
Figure 3. In the LRT Plesiadapis has a new Jurassic sister, Henkelotherium, a much smaller taxon also adapted to climbing trees.
” data-medium-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/plesiadapis588.jpg?w=167″ data-large-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/plesiadapis588.jpg?w=571″ class=”size-full wp-image-89723″ src=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/plesiadapis588.jpg” alt=”Figure 3. In the LRT Plesiadapis has a new Jurassic sister, Henkelotherium, a much smaller taxon also adapted to climbing trees. ” width=”584″ height=”1047″ srcset=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/plesiadapis588.jpg?w=584&h=1047 584w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/plesiadapis588.jpg?w=84&h=150 84w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/plesiadapis588.jpg?w=167&h=300 167w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/plesiadapis588.jpg 588w” sizes=”(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px” />
Figure 3. In the LRT Plesiadapis has a new Jurassic sister, Henkelotherium, a much smaller taxon also adapted to climbing trees.
I missed this connection for years
until these two came under reconsideration and restudy. Part of the current round of housekeeping that is shedding light on mammal interrelationships.
Figure 4. Henkelotherium manus and pes. PILs here are continuous.
” data-medium-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/henkelotherium.manus_.pes_.pilss588.jpg?w=300″ data-large-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/henkelotherium.manus_.pes_.pilss588.jpg?w=584″ class=”size-full wp-image-89736″ src=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/henkelotherium.manus_.pes_.pilss588.jpg” alt=”Figure 4. Henkelotherium manus and pes. PILs here are continuous.” width=”584″ height=”423″ srcset=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/henkelotherium.manus_.pes_.pilss588.jpg?w=584&h=423 584w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/henkelotherium.manus_.pes_.pilss588.jpg?w=150&h=109 150w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/henkelotherium.manus_.pes_.pilss588.jpg?w=300&h=217 300w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/henkelotherium.manus_.pes_.pilss588.jpg 588w” sizes=”(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px” />
Figure 4. Henkelotherium manus and pes. PILs here are continuous. Compare manus here to Plesiadapis manus in figure 2.
Henkelotherium guimarotae
(Krebs 1991; Late Jurassic 150 mya) was traditionally considered a eupantothere (replaced by Dryolestida). Here Henkelotherium nests with Pleisiadapis. basal to multituberculates, shrews and rodents. The manus was small and the pes had long digits with asymmetric metatarsals. The lumbar region was long and flexible.
Plesiadapis tricuspidens
(Gervais 1877) Paleocene ~55 mya. The Plesiadapiformes were widely thought to be the earliest representatives of the primate order, but here they nest basal to rodents + shrews + multituberculates, derived from Henkelotherium.
This appears to be a novel hypothesis of interrelationships.
If not, please provide a citation so I can promote it here.
References
Bloch JI and Boyer DM 2006. Grasping primate origins. Science 298:1606-1610.
Gervais P 1877. Enumeration de quelques ossements d’animaux vertebres recueillis aux environ de Reims par M. Lemoine. Journal de Zoologie (Paris) 6:74–79.
Gingerich PD 1976. Cranial Anatomy and Evolution of Early Tertiary Plesiadapidae (Mammalia, Primates). Papers on Paleontology, Museum of Paleontology, The University of Michigan. 1-141. online pdf
Jäger KRK, Lu Z-K and Martin T 2019. Postcranial skeleton of Henkelotherium guimarotae (Cladotheria, Mammalia) and locomotor adaptation. Journal of Mammalian Evolution https://doi.org/10.1007/s10914-018-09457-2
Krebs B 1991. Skelett von Henkelotherium guimarotae gen. et sp. nov. (Eupantotheria, Mammalia) aus dem Oberen Jura von Portugal. Berl Geowiss Abh A.: 133:1–110.
wiki/Plesiadapis
wiki/Henkelotherium
wiki/Multituberculata
wiki/Allotheria
Source: https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/2024/11/14/jurassic-henkelotherium-moves-in-with-eocene-plesiadapis-in-the-lrt/
Anyone can join.
Anyone can contribute.
Anyone can become informed about their world.
"United We Stand" Click Here To Create Your Personal Citizen Journalist Account Today, Be Sure To Invite Your Friends.
Before It’s News® is a community of individuals who report on what’s going on around them, from all around the world. Anyone can join. Anyone can contribute. Anyone can become informed about their world. "United We Stand" Click Here To Create Your Personal Citizen Journalist Account Today, Be Sure To Invite Your Friends.
LION'S MANE PRODUCT
Try Our Lion’s Mane WHOLE MIND Nootropic Blend 60 Capsules
Mushrooms are having a moment. One fabulous fungus in particular, lion’s mane, may help improve memory, depression and anxiety symptoms. They are also an excellent source of nutrients that show promise as a therapy for dementia, and other neurodegenerative diseases. If you’re living with anxiety or depression, you may be curious about all the therapy options out there — including the natural ones.Our Lion’s Mane WHOLE MIND Nootropic Blend has been formulated to utilize the potency of Lion’s mane but also include the benefits of four other Highly Beneficial Mushrooms. Synergistically, they work together to Build your health through improving cognitive function and immunity regardless of your age. Our Nootropic not only improves your Cognitive Function and Activates your Immune System, but it benefits growth of Essential Gut Flora, further enhancing your Vitality.
Our Formula includes: Lion’s Mane Mushrooms which Increase Brain Power through nerve growth, lessen anxiety, reduce depression, and improve concentration. Its an excellent adaptogen, promotes sleep and improves immunity. Shiitake Mushrooms which Fight cancer cells and infectious disease, boost the immune system, promotes brain function, and serves as a source of B vitamins. Maitake Mushrooms which regulate blood sugar levels of diabetics, reduce hypertension and boosts the immune system. Reishi Mushrooms which Fight inflammation, liver disease, fatigue, tumor growth and cancer. They Improve skin disorders and soothes digestive problems, stomach ulcers and leaky gut syndrome. Chaga Mushrooms which have anti-aging effects, boost immune function, improve stamina and athletic performance, even act as a natural aphrodisiac, fighting diabetes and improving liver function. Try Our Lion’s Mane WHOLE MIND Nootropic Blend 60 Capsules Today. Be 100% Satisfied or Receive a Full Money Back Guarantee. Order Yours Today by Following This Link.
| Online: | |
| Visits: | 1,653,616,128 |
| Stories: | 8,284,891 |
Whistler Blowers, Insiders
