Two new mammal clades: Kynodonta and Akynodonta
Both of these clades arise early within Marsupialia.
There are now 5 convergent appearances of the placenta in the LRT.
Kynodonta – retains the upper canine
Akiynodonta – loses the upper canine, sometimes replacing it with a large sharp premolar, and sometimes, just losing the canine. See figures 1 and 2.
See the large reptile tree (LRT, 2338 taxa) for taxon lists and tree topology.
Figure 2. Above: Dromiciops skull and tooth row (right rotated). Below: Glironia skull and tooth row (right, rotated).
” data-medium-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/glironia_venusta588-2.jpg?w=163″ data-large-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/glironia_venusta588-2.jpg?w=558″ class=”size-full wp-image-88629″ src=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/glironia_venusta588-2.jpg” alt=”Figure 2. Above: Dromiciops skull and tooth row (right rotated). Below: Glironia skull and tooth row (right, rotated).” width=”584″ height=”1073″ srcset=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/glironia_venusta588-2.jpg?w=584&h=1073 584w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/glironia_venusta588-2.jpg?w=82&h=150 82w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/glironia_venusta588-2.jpg?w=163&h=300 163w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/glironia_venusta588-2.jpg 588w” sizes=”(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px” />
Figure 1. Above: Dromiciops skull and tooth row (right rotated). Below: Glironia skull and tooth row (right, rotated).
Figure 1. Early Cretaceous Vincelestes and Ambolestes compared to extant Monodelphis sorex. Compare the M sorex premolar to the larger premolar in Vincelestes.
” data-medium-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/vincelestes_skull588.jpg?w=136″ data-large-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/vincelestes_skull588.jpg?w=465″ class=”size-full wp-image-89119″ src=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/vincelestes_skull588.jpg” alt=”Figure 1. Early Cretaceous Vincelestes and Ambolestes compared to extant Monodelphis sorex. Compare the M sorex premolar to the larger premolar in Vincelestes.” width=”584″ height=”1287″ srcset=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/vincelestes_skull588.jpg?w=584&h=1287 584w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/vincelestes_skull588.jpg?w=68&h=150 68w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/vincelestes_skull588.jpg?w=136&h=300 136w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/vincelestes_skull588.jpg 588w” sizes=”(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px” />
Figure 2. Early Cretaceous Vincelestes and Ambolestes compared to extant Monodelphis sorex. Compare the M sorex premolar to the larger premolar in Vincelestes.
Figuring out if a canine is a canine or a premolar
often requires knowledge of the phylogenetic predecessors. Sometimes the premolar looks exactly like a canine. This pbservation/hypothesis may be why mammals have been so difficult for professionals and the LRT to figure out.
If this ever changes, I will let you know.
Source: https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/2025/07/17/two-new-mammal-clades-kynodonta-and-akynodonta/
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