Official top quark and toponium as particles of M89 hadron physics rather than standard hadron physics?

I watched an excellent video about what we have learned at LHC (see this). Three runs RUN1, RUN2, and RUN3 have been completed and now we know where the limits for the applicability of the Standard Model are.

The immediate successor of LHC will be high-luminosity LHC operating from 2029- 2030 onwards for ten years. Future circular collider (FCC) will start to operate in the late 2040s. Electrons and positrons will collide and the collider (Higgs factory) will act as a high precision collider.

The philosophy is that high precision might allow us to develop a theory allowing us to solve the various anomalies of the standard model. In future, the experimentalists would not be merely testing whether a given extension of the standard model might solve some anomalies but trying to identify more general deviations from the standard model. But is this enough? What has been lacking from theoretical physics since the times of Einstein and his contemporaries, is philosophical thinking challenging the basic assumptions. Can one make progress by merely measuring more precisely?

The video explains the basic anomalies. Their list defines the boundaries of the region of phenomena that the standard model can explain.

1. Toponium exists although it should not.
2. W mass deviates from the predicted mass.
3. g-2 anomaly of muon is claimed to disappear in lattice calculations using only quarks and gluons but does not disappear when hadronic data are used as an input.
4. Lepton universality is violated in some meson decays.
5. Penta and tetra quarks, whose existence is not denied but not predicted by the standard model.
6. There are anomalies associated with the CP violation of the CKM matrix.
7. The axions, proposed to solve the problem due to the strong CP violation predicted by QCD, have not been found and the strong CP violation is too weak to explain matter antimatter asymmetry.
8. Quark-gluon plasma predicted by QCD did not behave like gas but a perfect liquid and the transition to quark gluon plasma seems to occur at several energies rather than single phase transition point.
9. SUSY was believed to solve the hierarchy problem involving the fine tuning of the Higg couplings but no evidence for SUSY particles was found.
10. WIMPs as candidates for galactic dark matter have not been found.

The video describes in detail what has been learned from the 3 RUNS of LHC. I have discussed various anomalies from the TGD point of view in various articles. Here I will consider only the discovery of the toponium, which is one of the latest surprises. The Standard model does not deny toponium’s existence but according to the standard intuition it should not exist.

1. The lifetime of the top quark is too short for the formation of toponium. There are of course proposals for solving this and also other anomalies but the problem is that these proposals typically solve only one anomaly. The lifetime of the standard top quark candidate with mass msimeq 172.5 GeV is τ=5× 10^-25 s. This time is shorter than required for QCD hadronization processes (10^-23-10^-24 s). This is why it has been believed that toponium does not exist.
2. The toponium was however discovered both by LHC and ATLAS and its lifetime is estimated to be 2.5 × 10^-25 s. Toponium is suggested to be a quasi-bound state or a resonance appearing when top quarks are produced very near to the threshold energy (see this and this). Toponium decay is triggered by a weak decay of one of its constituents rather than being a strong decay. Both ATLAS and CMS verified the existence of this state with a resonance width of about 3 GeV.

Consider now the basic ideas of TGD view of hadron physics and standard model in general. TGD leads to almost inescapable conclusion that there must exist an entire hierarchy of standard model physics assignable to the triality +/-1 color representations defined by color partial waves of quarks and antiquarks in CP₂. Leptons would appear in triality 0 color partial waves (see this and this).

1. The color multiplets of quarks of a given standard model physics would combine to form color triplets, which would serve as building bricks of hadrons of a given hadron physics (see this, this, and this). These hadrons would correspond to a hierarchy of p-adic mass scales, proposed to be labelled by ordinary and Gaussian Mersenne primes. The longer the p-adic scale, the higher the dimension of the color multiplet.

For the observed leptons, color representations would combine to form color singlets but also analogs of mesons as bound states of colored leptons might be possible (see this). Only at energies near CP₂ mass would color deconfinement for incoming and outgoing states be possible.

For a summary of earlier postings see Latest progress in TGD.

For the lists of articles (most of them published in journals founded by Huping Hu) and books about TGD see this.