Peak Population: When Will It Hit The World’s 40 Largest Countries

The global population is entering an era of divergence.

Half a century century of explosive growth—driven by better access to food and healthcare—is starting to slow, but not in the same way.

Some nations are shrinking, while others have decades of expansion ahead.

The infographic, via Visual Capitalist’s Pallavi Rao, maps out when the 40 most-populous countries in 2025 will reach their population ceiling—and whether that ceiling is even within this century.

The data comes from the UN World Population Prospects (2024 revision), which projects population counts under its medium-fertility scenario.

Asia’s Early Population Peaks

China’s population crested at roughly 1.41 billion people in 2021 and is now drifting downward.

This decline will pick up pace over the next few years, changing the age structure in the country, raising alarm bells for the government.

Rank	Most Populous Countries	2025 Population	Peak Population Year	Peak Population
1	India	1.5B	2061	1.7B
2	China	1.4B	2021	1.4B
3	U.S.	347.3M	No Peak This Century	N/A
4	Indonesia	285.7M	2058	0.3M
5	Pakistan	255.2M	No Peak This Century	N/A
6	Nigeria	237.5M	No Peak This Century	N/A
7	Brazil	212.8M	2042	219.3M
8	Bangladesh	175.7M	2071	226.1M
9	Russia	144.0M	1991	149.4M
10	Mexico	131.9M	2058	149.9M
11	Japan	123.1M	2010	128.2M
12	Philippines	116.8M	2057	135.2M
13	Ethiopia	135.5M	No Peak This Century	N/A
14	Egypt	118.4M	No Peak This Century	N/A
15	DRC	112.8M	No Peak This Century	N/A
16	Vietnam	101.6M	2049	110.0M
17	Iran	92.4M	2053	102.0M
18	Türkiye	87.7M	2047	91.4M
19	Germany	84.1M	2024	84.6M
20	Thailand	71.6M	2022	71.7M
21	UK	69.6M	2073	76.1M
22	France	66.7M	2048	68.2M
23	Tanzania	70.5M	No Peak This Century	N/A
24	South Africa	64.7M	No Peak This Century	N/A
25	Italy	59.1M	2014	60.7M
26	Myanmar	54.9M	2049	58.6M
27	Kenya	57.5M	2098	104.2M
28	Colombia	53.4M	2050	59.4M
29	South Korea	51.7M	2020	51.9M
30	Sudan	51.7M	No Peak This Century	N/A
31	Spain	47.9M	2023	47.9M
32	Uganda	51.4M	No Peak This Century	N/A
33	Argentina	45.9M	2050	48.3M
34	Algeria	47.4M	2090	65.1M
35	Iraq	47.0M	No Peak This Century	N/A
36	Yemen	41.8M	No Peak This Century	N/A
37	Canada	40.1M	No Peak This Century	N/A
38	Angola	39.0M	No Peak This Century	N/A
39	Morocco	38.4M	2058	43.7M
40	Uzbekistan	37.1M	No Peak This Century	N/A

Meanwhile, Japan’s decline set in much earlier, peaking in 2010 and shrinking by more than five million residents since then.

South Korea reached its summit in 2020, while Thailand and Germany tipped over in the early 2020s.

Rapid urbanization, high education costs, and entrenched low fertility explain much of the region’s demographic slowdown.

America’s Outlier Trajectory

The U.S. is one of only three top-10 countries with no population peak forecast before 2100.

UN demographers see its population climbing past 420 million by 2100, buoyed by inward migration that offsets sub-replacement fertility.

By contrast, fellow rich-world nations like Italy and Spain have already peaked, and France is projected to crest before 2050.

Sub-Saharan Africa’s Century of Growth

Nigeria, Ethiopia, Tanzania, and the Democratic Republic of Congo are all projected to keep growing past 2100.

High birth rates, younger age structures, and improving child-survival rates mean these countries could more than double their populations over the next 75 years.

In fact, Nigeria and the DRC are both expected to surpass the U.S. in total people before the century’s end.

Why Population Peaks and Declines Matter

Knowing when populations peak helps policymakers anticipate economic shifts

Shrinking workforces strain pension systems and slow GDP growth, while surging populations raise demand for education, jobs, housing, and infrastructure.

The demographic map is therefore a leading indicator of where future consumption, labor, and geopolitical influence will concentrate.

For a broader perspective of how total populations will change, check out Ranked: The World’s Most Populous Countries (2025-2100P) on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.