Sunlight-activated graphene membrane recovers battery-grade lithium from brines
Researchers from Pohang University of Science and Technology, Griffith University and King Khalid University have developed a graphene-based nanofiltration system that can selectively extract lithium ions from magnesium‑rich brines using sunlight as the driving force. The approach combines edge‑functionalized graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with photothermally reduced graphene oxide (PrGO), forming sub‑nanometer ion‑coordination channels that enable efficient lithium transport while rejecting competing ions such as magnesium.
Recovering lithium from natural brines is difficult because lithium typically exists at much lower concentrations than other dissolved salts. In South American salt‑flat brines, for example, magnesium concentrations can exceed lithium by ratios of 20:1 or higher. The challenge arises from the similar chemical behavior of the ions, even though their hydration energies differ significantly. Magnesium ions bind water molecules roughly four times more strongly than lithium ions. The new membrane exploits this difference by creating functionalized transport pathways that encourage lithium ions to partially shed their hydration shells and migrate through the membrane while magnesium remains strongly hydrated and effectively blocked.
Source: https://www.graphene-info.com/sunlight-activated-graphene-membrane-recovers-battery-grade-lithium-brines
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